Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett free essay sample

The paper examines in detail the play, Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, with accentuation on its strict ramifications. This paper expresses that, beside the topic of pausing, the focal subject of the play Waiting for Godot is strict convictions, particularly repentance and recovery. The creator proceeds with that each of the four significant characters in the have speak to an influence of these topics. The play is inspected in detail from this point of view. The paper finishes up with the possibility that in the last demonstration, there is a new development wherein their jobs are additionally strengthened and broadened through a presentation of strict portrayals and suggestions. Maybe one of the main occasion of the plays strict subject is Vladimirs reference to the account of the criminals in the Bible. In the principal demonstration of the play, Vladimir reveals to Estragon the tale of the hoodlum who atoned, and was spared due to his apology. We will compose a custom article test on Hanging tight for Godot by Samuel Beckett or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This piece of the play shows the main indication of misery of the two heroes in the story. Both Vladimir and Estargon are men who appear to have nothing by any stretch of the imagination, put something aside for the boots of Estragon, and the cap of Vladimir, which were continually alluded to and talked about in the play. Their nothingness was additionally compounded when the way that they were really people who were destined to endure was raised in the principal demonstration. In this scene, Vladimir asks Estragon the need to atone with the goal that they will likewise be spared from their wrongdoings.

Our Bog Is Dood Essay

This sonnet is a discussion between two individuals, a female and a lot of kids. The female asks the youngsters to disclose to her for what valid reason their God is acceptable. At the point when the kids can’t concur on an explanation on why their God is acceptable they start scrutinizing their confidence. In the main refrain of the sonnet you can tell that the sonnet is a discussion among youngsters and a more seasoned female. â€Å"They drawled in complements mild† this line shows that they are discussing kids. At the point when kids are youthful they typically slur in their words. â€Å"My sweetheart little youngster? † affirms that the sonnet is between little kids and a more established individual. It’s safe to state that our Bog is dood can be converted into our God is acceptable. The sonnet begins with what appears as though the youngsters reciting out God is acceptable. At the point when the more established lady asks them to clarify for what valid reason their God is acceptable the youngsters get steamed in light of the fact that they accept their confidence is being addressed. In the second refrain the youngsters react by saying they realize that their God is acceptable in light of the fact that that’s what they wish. They kids state they don’t need motivation to accept that their God is acceptable. This shows these kid a visually impaired confidence towards their God. The youngsters are prideful of their God who they indiscriminately follow. They additionally blame any individual who doesn’t concur or have faith in their God are delinquents. â€Å"You will be crucified† the visually impaired confidence that these youngsters groups makes these kids go to brutality towards nonbelievers. In the third refrain the more seasoned lady again asks the kids what’s so great about your God. She asks them how would you realize that your God is acceptable. The youngsters respond to her inquiries by bowing their heads and imploring. The kids state that they have a place with their God and that they have a place with their God. Toward the finish of this refrain I felt that the tone of the sonnet changes. It goes from our God regards our God is dead. In the fourth verse starts with the kids raising their heads in the wake of being interrogated regarding their confidence. The kids become angry with one another on the grounds that they can’t concede to what is acceptable about their God. Every one of the kids had an alternate definition for what was acceptable. They all had clashing perspectives about their confidence. In the fifth refrain the more seasoned woman leaves the kids after she gets them to scrutinize their confidence. She left since she didn’t need to see them understanding that they had a bogus picture of God. She felt as though it was smarter to simply leave and disregard the kids. The last three lines of the sonnet I accept that the â€Å"encroaching sea† is religion as a rule. Individuals indiscriminately follow God and it arrives at a point where they will suffocate in the religion. I accept that the youngsters in the sonnet follow God on the grounds that that’s presumably the main thing that has been educated to them and when they start scrutinizing their confidence it feels like they don’t have whatever else to trust in. The last line in the sonnet shows that the more established lady has not been sucked into strict similarity. The subject of this sonnet is about indiscriminately following religion. The sonnet is essentially a discussion between a more established lady and a few kids. The sonnet starts with the youngsters solidly accepting that their God is acceptable, however then when they are asked to give purpose behind what reason they start to address themselves. The kids aren’t ready to concur on a motivation behind why their God is acceptable and this is the place the tone in the sonnet movements to our God is dead. The more established female in this sonnet causes the kids to understand that they are indiscriminately following something that they know nothing about.

What It Feels Like to Get High on Amphetamines

What It Feels Like to Get High on Amphetamines Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How It Feels to Get High on Amphetamines By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 09, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 09, 2019 PeopleImages/DigitalVision/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Amphetamines are a group of synthetic psychoactive drugs that get you high by stimulating the central nervous system. Physicians prescribe them attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and other health conditions. Whether your amphetamine high is pleasant or unpleasant depends on a number of factors, including: Set and settingPast experiences using amphetaminePast experiences with other drugsYour mental health and well-beingHow much you takeExposure to other substances, both prior to and during the period of intoxication on speed While the feeling of getting high is different for everyone, and even for the same person at different times, there are certain common characteristics of an amphetamine buzz. Amphetamines Increase Your Energy Athletes and others like speed because it increases their energy and stamina. Soon after consuming amphetamines, users experience an increase in  alertness and  physical strength  that makes them feel:?? More powerfulEnthusiasticReady for anything Amphetamines Prevent Drowsiness Along with the increased energy, amphetamines prevent the normal phases of drowsiness and sleep. This is one of the reasons speed is popular among people who need to stay awake when they would normally be asleep, such as  night-shift workers and  long-haul truck drivers.?? Its also appealing to partygoers who want to stay awake or alert at night for recreational reasons, such as dancing at clubs or raves into the early morning hours. Decreasing Mental Performance Unfortunately, the interference with sleep can become problematic when you use amphetamines for an extended period of time and during the hours when you would normally sleep. Students use speed to cram for exams, but despite its ability to increase energy and focus, amphetamines have a complex effect on cognitive processing and can actually cause a deterioration in mental performance.?? In addition, sleep deprivation interferes with learning and memory. Speedy Speech While amphetamine users often believe speed improves their social and mental functioning, in fact, research shows amphetamines  tend to simply speed up speech, at the expense of the accuracy of that speech. At times, people who are high on amphetamines can be socially annoying. They may chatter incessantly and have trouble engaging in normal conversation because they cant listen to others.?? Mood Swings and Anxiety Perhaps the most compelling reason people give for taking amphetamines is the temporarily elevated mood they often experience. The flip side of this good mood is that coming down often causes a crash and an increase of depressive feelings so amphetamines are not a good solution if youre already feeling down. There is also a chance that taking amphetamines when you are in a bad mood will only make you irritable and/or anxious. Amphetamines can sometimes lead to chronic fatigue, paranoid or delusional thinking. How Amphetamines Are Consumed Amphetamines usually come as a pill. Either your physician prescribes them to you or you buy them from another source. You may then ingest them in a variety of ways, including: Dissolving it in water and injecting it with a needleCrushing and  snorting  itSmoking it in a glass pipeSwallowing it just like other medications Getting Help Methamphetamine is addictive, but behavioral treatments can help you stop using it. To learn more about methamphetamine, contact the Federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) at 1-877-726-4727.

African Americ The Fear Of Success - 1077 Words

African American The fear of success in blacks can also be looked at through many angles. Socially blacks tend to hinder each other by viewing success as â€Å"Acting white.† In the article Scholars Debate Theory that Blacks Equate Academic Success with Acting White , Dr. Ronald F. Ferguson argues how success often equates to acting white in the black community. Ferguson argues, â€Å"Blacks value education and good grades just as much as whites, what it comes down to is time spent leisurely reading or doing extra work that is considered white† (page). John Uzo Ogbu another professor that argues in the article Black Students School Success: Coping with the Burden of Acting White, argues that this acclaim that blacks do n’t read leisurely isn’t true. â€Å"This isn’t true, and that kid’s answer questions to what they think the adult wants to hear, and the only way to make that assumption is to actually observe the kids†. I think that there is some tr ue in both of their statements, but neither is all the way right. Blacks kids do not associate education as acting white, but see being educated and being able to speak properly as being white. In ‘You Talk White:’ Being Black and Articulate’, Keith Powell states in, â€Å"Being smart, black, young and American had become a liability. People seemed to think I was some kind of walking oxymoron. I was often asked to be more â€Å"urban and it never seemed like the right time or place to launch into a diatribe about how I was born in West

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1093 Words

The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, has been celebrated as one of the greatest, if not the greatest American novel. Yet this is sudden for the overall population, which has so hailed the book, is unequivocally that which is rebuffed all through it. Politically, the American dream was a foundation of guidelines and trusts for any and every American single individual. Especially, one of the convictions was an American dream free of class refinement; that every individual has the opportunity to be whomever they might want to be. In a sort of Cinderella-like style, it is in a broad sense an immaculate of social versatility and adaptability. The social reality, of course, is far crueler. Because of the coldblooded truth of social†¦show more content†¦Utilizing her sexuality and disgusting demeanor, she gets to be false for surrendering and rejecting her own particular social establishment, and like Nick, we as perusers are shocked by her twisted methodology to entering the rich class. At one point, and hilariously to the knowing passerby, Myrtle grumbles around an administration accomplished for her that was expensive to the point that when she gave Myrtle the bill you d of thought she had her a appendicitis out. Clearly abusing her wording, it is amusing simply because she is making a decent attempt to fit into the highbrow privileged persona, and fizzling pitiably. Her rudeness becomes more apparent when she rejected the compliment about her dress by raising her eyebrow in disdain. She is so false in her manner that Nick observes that she had changed her costume†¦and was now attired in an elaborate afternoon dress. This understandable portrayal of Myrtle catches her fakeness. She was not being herself, however practically faking it to execute as a privileged woman. It is an abominable, eager strategy to pursue social prevalence. An alternate strategy is her issue with Tom Buchanan, who speaks to the rich high society. This issue and relationship with Tom addresses the falseness and decay in class capability. Outside the domain of importance, Myrtle s political

Investigate a Type of Public Speech Such as Political Speech, School Assembilies Etc. Free Essays

A political speech is a type of public speech; public speeches are usually prepared with the intentions of informing, influencing or entertaining an audience. The main purposes of a political speech are to transmit information among others, motivating people to act either for or against something or to tell a story. A good orator should be able to change people’s emotions and keep the audiences interest. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigate a Type of Public Speech Such as Political Speech, School Assembilies Etc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now For my language study I am analysing David Cameron’s speech to his campaigners in Brighton before the election 2010 because I thought it would be an interesting topic as it is in current news. Firstly, David Cameron’s excessive use of pauses is interesting. They seem to be the most used technique in the transcript, for instance David Cameron says ‘we’ve got the ambition (1) to make this country great again (2) and as you go out there (1)’ this shows that there are a lot of long pauses in just one utterance, a pause can sometimes be just a hesitation but in political speech is it more likely to be deliberate. It is an interesting technique because when the orator has paused, even if only for a second, it gives the audience a chance to reflect on what has been said and interpret the information said across in their own way. However, many people may not realise that whilst letting the utterance play on the audience minds it also gives the speaker the chance to develop and prepare in his head how he will express his next point to the crowd, the longer pauses in this particular transcript seem to be after every main point so the crowd will remember those points in particular when they come to vote. Secondly, David Cameron uses pragmatic phrases in his speech such as â€Å"when we get knocked down we don’t roll over and die we get up and fight (1)† pragmatic phrases are common in political speeches to create humour or to give what is being said a second interpretation, some people make take this point literally and think about the current wars in Afghanistan but others may think of it as a personal comment made directly to them to tell them that they should never give up on what they believe in and that they should always be determined. The purpose of the pragmatic phrase in this particular speech is probably to make the audience relate to the points being made and think that they can relate to the orator themselves. Another intriguing technique is the use of repetition in this speech, â€Å"another day we’re not gripping our problems (1) another day we are wasting our opportunities (1) another day when this country is not being all that it could be (2)† repetition in this utterance is powerful because it gives the speech more drama and make more of an impact and stick in the audiences minds for when it is really needed, at the polling station. The orator might choose to use repetition to make the speech easier to remember if he does not want to seem like he is reading off a sheet because a good orator needs to at least try and look like he is delivering it naturally because that is what the audience would want. Also, in the transcript quote above the main points are emphasised, words that are emphasised are more likely to be remembered because they are spoken louder and clear than all the others. . In political speeches, language is affected because it is slowed right down and is spoken more precisely, because in theory, a speech is a performance and you would want people to listen and not think, boring! A political speech is prepared, but that does not mean that the audience does not want a natural delivery, they would not want any false starts, that are seen in normal face-to-face conversations, because that would make the audience lose confidence in the speaker, also there is no slang unless that is the way the speaker wants to put the speech across. Generally, in political speeches politicians tend to use words that the audience don’t really understand, the audience might not like this because they feel that politicians’ should talk in a way that every educational ability can understand and try not to diverge away from them, however that’s what is so interesting in this speech is the lack of political jargon, i would have thought there would have been a lot. However, i realise that the orator may not want to speak in political jargon because he may want to act like one of the public and speak in a way they are more likely to understand because if the audience understands the pitch they are more likely to vote for the one they actually know what was said. The delivery of a speech welcomes peoples own interpretations and opinions, and politics is all about opinions. How to cite Investigate a Type of Public Speech Such as Political Speech, School Assembilies Etc., Papers

Don Giovanni the Characters and Their Music free essay sample

The Characters and Their Music Giving Characters character is one of the most interesting challenges in operatic composition; another is composing for all the specific characters. A composer has to distinguish between characters through his music. Jan cant sound like Fran, and Dan cant sound like Stan. Each character must have his/her own traits. Mozart opera, Don Giovanni, provides us with many different characters to compare and contrast. One scene In particular lends Itself to the comparison of Don Galvan, Leprosy, and The Commentator. Scene fifteen of Act two, places all three characters In close interaction with each other, making it easy to compare and find out how Mozart and his Librettist Lorenz dad Pone brought them all to life. The libretto provides the main character traits of Don Giovanni, Leprosy, and The Commentator. It gives an easy way of distinguishing between the characters. Don Giovanni is portrayed as being smart, charming, and brave, yet selfish, arrogant, womankind, and pompous. We see all of these traits In the final dinner scene. These opposing traits set up a love hate relationship between Don Giovanni and the viewers.Leprosy on the other hand, is wimpy, subservient, nervous, and a bit dumb. He is often the butt of Don Giovanni Jokes, and is always being bossed around. He can be thought of as the comic relief of the opera. In the dinner scene we get a definite feeling of Leprosy being a wimpy idiot. After being slain by Don Giovanni, the Commentator returns as a statue. He Is portrayed as being a mighty, powerful, and ominous. He tries to make Don Giovanni repent for all the terrible things he did. In the dinner scene he Is truly a powerful being from beyond. His power is demonstrated when he sends Don Giovanni down to hell.The above character descriptions are what Lorenz dad Pone et up for Mozart to compose his music to. We now can observe how Mozart used musical devices to give each character his own flavor. One area to compare is the rhythmic traits of each characters musical lines. Leprosys nervousness and fear In the dinner scene Is exemplified through a very Jumpy unsteady rhythmic vocal line. Mozart really makes his nervousness obvious by Glenn him notes no longer In value than a quarter note. Mozart uses dotted eights to sixteenth notes to make his part especially disjointed. This creates the effect of someone shaking from fear as they are trying to speak. Mozart also uses a continuous triple pattern, which begins at measure 470, to create a rambling effect. Leprosy seems to have lost his sanity from fright of the statue, and Is now babbling Incoherently. Don Giovanni and the Commentator have very different rhythmic vocal parts then Leprosy. They are much more bold and brave then Leprosy, so Mozart gives them a more solid rhythm. The Commentator has the most stable part out of all of them. He has many whole and half notes. The stability of the rhythm adds to the confidence and power of his character.The only time his rhythm becomes quicker is when he is yelling at Don Giovanni to repent. Don Giovanni shares many similar rhythmic traits as the Commentator, although It has a little more diversity. Don Galvan shifts from being appropriately varies the speed of Don Giovanni rhythm. An example of this occurs at measure 522. Previous to this measure, Don Giovanni has a stable rhythm with most words occurring on the strong beats. It abruptly changes to a short offbeat eight note. Rhythm is not the only musical area that Mozart crafts specifically for each character. He also uses certain melodic lines for each character.The Commentators musical lines are the most striking. He often has huge leaps in his part, giving the listener a full dose of the impeding force he is. The space creates a feeling of something bigger and more powerful then a mortal. It is important to note that a lot of these giant leaps are not easy. There are many augmented fourths, minor sevenths, and other strange intervals that he has to navigate through. An example of the strange interval leaps can be found from measure 552 to 461. This little section takes a break from having a key center and instead floats around between diminished chords.This only adds to the something not of this earth leaning the Commentator gives us. Mozart also uses repeated notes to produce a powerful effect. The orchestral motive moves up by step each measure while the Commentator stays on the same note. This occurs between measures 465 and 470 and again between measures 475 and 478. Don Giovanni once again has similar qualities as the Commentator. The large Jumps are present but they are tonally different. They are often very key oriented, outlining triads or doing some sort of five to one motion. The harmonically stable nature of his vocal part lends itself to his personality.Some of his lines almost sound like fanfares. Fanfares are very bold sounding. Appropriately his fanfare like lines begins at measure 504 when he starts bragging that he is not afraid of anything, even Gods wrath. Without the appropriate use of dynamics, none of the above would come of, as they should to the audience. Mozart makes good use of dynamics by making Leprosy very quiet when he is afraid and hiding. The Commentator is always forte or fortissimo so that his power is evident. Don Giovanni is once again a blend of the Commentator. He has a wide range of dynamics because he has a wide range of emotions throughout the dinner scene.The above examples are Just a few things that Mozart and Lorenz dad Pone did to make sure that the opera was as effective as possible. The next step is to Observe how musicians interpret and express what Mozart and dad Pone created. Ere two productions of Don Giovanni in comparison are The Goldenberg Summer Opera Festival video and the Opera Film Drama socio by Joseph Loose. The two different productions are very good, but they definitely have their own opinions regarding many aspects of the opera. The first major difference was obviously the method of performance. The Goldenberg version was a live production and theLoose version was video with lip-psyching. I felt that neither medium was better then the other. I place the integrity of each version in the hands of the performers. Which had the best singers? The singer who performed Don Giovanni was much better in the live version. Ruggeri Raymond of the video version gave a very good whats on the page performance. On the other hand, Benjamin Luzon of the live version went beyond whats on the page. I really felt like Don Giovanni was on the stage rather then some singer acting as Don Giovanni. He changed his voice and is so much more emotional than the video Giovanni.The video Giovanni keeps the same exact voice for like an emotional person would. An example of this occurs when he takes the Commentators icy hand. He lets us know that Giovanni confidence is frozen and shattered by that icy grip. The video Giovanni reacts as if he touched a cold soda. I also had the same feeling towards the singers who portrayed Leprosy. Stafford Dean of the Goldenberg Festival Opera performed Leprosy amazingly. I think he Nas the best out of all the performers at capturing the true spirit of Leprosy. He seemed much more scared then Joss van Dam of the video version.I thought that the died Leprosy seemed almost too confident at times. He didnt give true Justice to the fear Leprosy actually had. When Don Giovanni is being taken to hell, Leprosy is singing come mi FAA terror, mi FAA terror which translates into, I shall die of fright. Ere video version didnt convince me of that fear. I also thought the video Leprosys triplet sounded out of time. I dont now if this was done on purpose, but I actually thought it helped get the babbling of Leprosy across. Overall I thought the live performance was better, but there were a few things I really liked about the video erosion.Most of the better qualities dealt with the Commentator. I thought John Macaulays singing was more appropriate. In particular I liked his use of vibrato. He Nas very hesitant to let it get too wide. Instead he used a more straight voice; it helped him sound bigger and more ominous. The singer in the live version used a more active vibrato, which caused him to sound like Don Giovanni. The above thoughts are about a very complex piece of music. The fact that it appears to be simple, is a result of the genius of Mozart and his incredibly ability to write music. Is opera works so well because Mozart made it so accessible to regular people. He achieved this simplicity through his meticulous detail to each characters personality. He made sure that Don Giovanni sounded like he should sound: bold, cocky, and charming. Mozart truly wrote an opera that almost performs itself. I feel that if a person can sing the notes, then most of the point has gotten across. If the singer is boring, the listener can still understand the character through his or her melodic line or the rhythmic patterns of the part. Overall, Mozart composed the perfect music for ;ACH character.

The Gospel Of John Essays - Christology, Catharism, Gospel Of John

The Gospel of John annon An Essay Written for A Humanities Course That Studies the Bible As A Historical Document THE GOSPEL OF JOHN: The Man from Heaven, Bread of Life, Light of The World, Living Water, .... and of course, Son of Man. This is who Jesus is in The Gospel of John. Jesus' life is portrayed very differently from the other Synoptic Gospels; he lives completely within symbolism, and glorification. In reading the Gospel of John, I felt that Jesus was (more) clear to me, unlike my feelings in reading Matthew and Mark. Perhaps this is because I have gained knowledge of who the historical Jesus was since my first readings. However, I find that John writes about Jesus and Christianity more in the way that conventional American Christianity practices today! I see the verses most familiar to me (John 3:16), and I see the symbolism that I am used to. Most importantly, I see the lengthy teachings and sayings of Jesus, that are less frequent in the earlier gospels. This is the Jesus I am used to! Throughout this essay, I will show the parallels and differences from the Gospel of John and the earlier gospels (mostly Mark), as I discuss the anonymous evangelist(s)' conception of the word of God. 1. John 3:15 2. John 6:48 3. John 1:4 4. John 7:37-39 5. Has been believed to be: John, Son of Zebedee. The Gospel of John was written between 90-100 ADE. A late book in the New Testament, it deals with different problems than the early Gospel of Mark. Although the book does not try to stray from the special traditions of Christianity (after all, The Christian Church has become strong by this time), the book the Life of Jesus, to meet the needs of the community in 100 ADE. What were the changes that the Johannine Community had to deal with; and, how does the Gospel of John differ from earlier gospels to deal with these changes? The entire new testament is apocalyptic writing, by authors who (obviously) believe in the Parousia. We see a lot of different religions of the time develop a Christ figure ... it is a sign of the times; it reflects that most people were desperate for help from political and social problems that they could not escape. This is the community that the Gospel of Mark wrote for: the desperate, looking toward their God for help. Now the Gospel of John has to deal with the Parousia, that Christians believed was coming. The Johannine author(s) clearly had the Gospel of Mark available to them (and also possibly the Gospel of Luke). 6. I will compare only Gospel of Mark, as it is a main source for all later Gospels. With the entire tradition of the Jewish Christian apocalyptic, the idea could not be completely thrown out. What develops from this is the Johannine Realized Echatology (CH Dodd). This suggests that the future is here now: resurrection, judgement and eternal life are here .... as [you] believe in Jesus. He who s?8?T?ss?=? in Him is en( condemned; but he who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. -- John 3:18 I have mentioned many times that the Gospel writers were very traditional. The Johannine Community, although disenchanted with the idea of a Second Coming of Christ Resurrection, did not want to p?n?f?=?8?s?(?s?8? ? throw out the belief. Most assuredly, I say to you, the hour is coming when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God; and those who hear will live. -- John 5:25 Sounds a bit like hedging your bet, doesn't it? But seriously, the new understanding has shifted from Mark's Day of Judgment (occurring at a specific, unknown time), to John's Day of Judgment part of every day; where, reward or penalty will be seen at one's own time. Before concluding, I would like to make a comparison of the style and presentation of Jesus through the Gospel of John and the Gospel of Mark (the earlier gospel). As N. Perrin pointed-out, John 12:25-26 and Mark 8:34-35 appear to be written as the same thing. We know that John had the Markan writing available to him. How does he translate it? 7. Matthew 24:29-31, example of this. Matthew is nearly a straight translation of Mark (with many additions). Mark 8:34-35: If any man would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it; and whoever loosed his like for my sake and the gospel's will

Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay Essay Example

Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay Essay Example Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay Essay Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay Essay Overview Welcome to the Student Study Guide for Spring 2010. This papers will help you analyze throughout the semester and as you prepare for the common concluding test required for all subdivisions of MRKT 310. Your module member has been instrumental in the design of this trial. Continue to seek his or her aid understanding the stuff as the semester progresses. Many of the text constructs are non included in the concluding test and your module member through written assignments. instance surveies. conferences. or other methods will measure your apprehension of them. UMUC requires all proctored concluding test in the School of Undergraduate Studies be closed book. Therefore. no notes or other survey AIDSs will be allowed in the testing centre. This is a comprehensive concluding test covering the full class. All policies and processs required by UMUC and the testing centre apply. For those of you taking the paper and pencil version of the concluding test. there are two versions ( Version A and Version B ) each dwelling of an eight-page Test Instrument and a six-page Answer Sheet ( pages 9 through 14 ) . You may happen it utile to detach the Answer Sheet from the Test Instrument to let you easier entree to both paperss. Write your name and subdivision figure ( e. g. . 6980. 6981. 6982. etc. ) on the Answer Sheet. You may compose on the trial instrument. but lone responses on the Answer Sheet will be graded. For those of you taking the on-line version of the concluding test. all instructions will be noted on your computing machine screen. The on-line concluding test is indistinguishable to the paper-and-pencil version except for the inquiry order. We strongly promote you to subscribe up for the on-line version if it is available at your proving site. Please be warned that this is non an easy trial and you should be prepared to pass the full three-hour clip allocation at your proctored testing centre. Most of your clip should be spent on the short and long essays. Do non brood on the definitions and the multiple-choice subdivisions. You will either cognize them or you won’t. depending on your readying. and you will blow valuable clip you will necessitate for the essays. You should be having this common pupil survey usher at the beginning of the semester. Print it out and maintain it near at manus. Be certain to reexamine it carefully and inquire your module member any clear uping inquiries on either trial format or content prior to the first twenty-four hours of finals hebdomad. Once finals hebdomad has begun. your module member will non be able to reply any inquiries sing the concluding test. When you finish your test. return BOTH the Test Instrument and your completed Answer Sheet to your monitor. Answer Sheets returned without the Test Instrument will non be graded. Part I – Definitions ( 25 per centum ) You will necessitate to cognize the definitions for 25 selling footings. You will read the definition and choose the right reply from the Word Bank. Then. publish the figure of the right term on your reply sheet. Following is the exact Word Bank as it will look on your concluding test. WORD BANKAll correct footings for the above 25 statements can be found on this list. 1. Brand 2. value proposition 3. gross revenues publicity 4. adulthood 5. motivation 6. economic environment 7. microenvironment 8. direct selling 9. consumer perceived value 10. life style 11. selling mix 12. market cleavage 13. consumer market 14. Marketing information system 15. merchandise mix 16. value bringing web 17. SWOT analysis 18. intensive distribution 19. monetary value snap 20. placement 21. commercialisation 22. Product life rhythm 23. merchandise 24. mark market 25. civilization 1. Brand – is a name. mark. symbol. motto or anything that is used to place and separate a specific merchandise. service. or concern. 2. Value proposition – is an analysis and quantified reappraisal of the benefits. costs and value that an organisation can present to clients and other component groups within and outside of the organisation. 3. Gross saless publicity is one of the four facets of promotional mix. ( The other three parts of the promotional mix are advertisement. personal merchandising. and publicity/public relations. ) Media and non-media selling communicating are employed for a pre-determined. limited clip to increase consumer demand. stimulate market demand or better merchandise handiness. 4. Adulthood 5. Motive – An emotion. desire. physiological demand. or similar urge that acts as an incitation to action. 6. Economic environment – Economics is the societal scientific discipline that surveies the production. distribution. and ingestion of goods and services. 7. The micro-environment consists of stakeholder groups that a house has regular traffics with. The manner these relationships develop can impact the costs. quality and overall success of a concern. Suppliers. distributers. clients and competition. 8. Direct selling – is a signifier of advertisement that reaches its audience without utilizing traditional formal channels of advertisement. such as Television. newspapers or wireless. Businesss communicate straight to the consumer with advertisement techniques such as flyers. catalogue distribution. promotional letters. and street advertisement. 9. Consumer perceived value – The value of a merchandise is the mental appraisal a consumer makes of it. Formally it may be conceptualized as the relationship between the consumer’s perceived benefits in relation to the sensed costs of having these benefits. It is frequently expressed as the equation: Value = Benefits / Cost 10. Lifestyle – A mode of life that reflects the person’s values and attitudes. 11. Marketing mix – Product. monetary value. topographic point and publicity. Packaging. Peoples. Public Voice. Pamper. Politicss and Physical Evidence. 12. Market cleavage – Market cleavage is a scheme that involves spliting a larger market into subsets of consumers who have common demands and applications for the goods and services offered in the market. These subgroups of consumers can be identified by a figure of different demographics. depending on the intents behind placing the groups. Selling runs are frequently designed and implemented based on this type of client cleavage. 13. Consumer market – A defined group of consumers. Buyers and possible purchasers of goods and services for personal and family usage 14. Marketing information system – Set of processs and patterns employed in analysing and measuring selling information. gathered continuously from beginnings inside and outside of a house. Seasonably marketing information provides footing for determinations such as merchandise development or betterment. pricing. packaging. distribution. media choice. and publicity. See besides market information system. 15. Product mix – Range of associated merchandises which yield larger gross revenues gross when marketed together than if they are marketed separately or in isolation of others. 16. Value bringing web – A Value Delivery is a company’s supply concatenation and how it spouses with specific providers and distributers in the procedure of bring forthing goods and presenting them to market. It involves utilizing competitory advantages external to the house ( providers. distributers. clients ) . 17. SWOT analysis – A scan of the internal and external environment is an of import portion of the strategic planning procedure. Environmental factors internal to the house normally can be classified as strengths ( S ) or failings ( W ) . and those external to the house can be classified as chances ( O ) or menaces ( T ) . Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. 18. Intensive distribution – Marketing scheme under which a house sells through as many mercantile establishments as possible. so that the consumers encounter the merchandise virtually everyplace they go: supermarkets. drug shops. gas Stationss. etc. Soft drinks are by and large made available through intensive distribution. 19. Price snap – Is an snap used in economic sciences to demo the reactivity of the measure demanded of a good or service to a alteration in its monetary value. 20. Positioning – In selling. placement has come to intend the procedure by which sellers try to make an image or individuality in the heads of theirmark market for its merchandise. trade name. or organisation. 21. Commercialization – is the procedure or rhythm of presenting a new merchandise into the market. 22. Product life rhythm – A new merchandise progresses through a sequence of phases from debut to growing. adulthood. and diminution. This sequence is known as the merchandise life rhythm and is associated with alterations in the selling state of affairs. therefore impacting the selling scheme and the selling mix. 23. Product – An point that ideally satisfies a market’s privation or demand. 24. Target market – Involves interrupting a market into sections and so concentrating your selling attempts on one or a few cardinal sections. 25. Culture – Represents the behaviour. beliefs and. in many instances. the manner we act learned by interacting or detecting other members of society. In this manner. much of what we do is shared behavior. passed along from one member of society to another. Part II – Multiple Choice ( 20 per centum ) There are 20 multiple-choice inquiries from which you can choose a. b. c. or vitamin D responses. Be careful as most multiple-choice inquiries will hold at least two picks that look executable. Choose the 1 that is the most on point. The multiple-choice inquiries are both definitional and application types. Choose the right missive of your pick and compose it on the Answer Sheet in the suitably numbered box. The undermentioned list comprises those constructs from the text. which you can anticipate to be assessed via the concluding test. They are presented in order of the class aims. Course Objective 1 – understand how selling scheme creates a positiverelationship between a house and its clients. ( Chapter 1 ) 1. Relationships between demands. wants. demands – is the procedure by which companies determine what merchandises or services may be of involvement to clients. and the scheme to utilize in gross revenues. communications and concern development. [ 1 ] It is an incorporate procedure through which companies create value for clients and construct strong client relationships in order to capture value from clients in return. Selling is used to place the client. to maintain the client. and to fulfill the client. With the client as the focal point of its activities. it can be concluded that marketing direction is one of the major constituents of concern direction. The development of selling was caused due to mature markets and overcapacities in the last 2-3 centuries. Companies so shifted the focal point from production to the client in order to remain profitable. The term selling construct holds that accomplishing organisational ends depends on cognizing the demands and wants of mark markets and presenting the coveted satisfactions. [ 2 ] It proposes that in order to fulfill its organisational aims. an organisation should expect the demands and wants of consumers and fulfill these more efficaciously than rivals. 2. Marketing direction orientations – An organisation with a market orientation focuses its attempts on 1 ) continuously roll uping information about customers’ demands and competitors’ capablenesss. 2 ) sharing this information across sections. and 3 ) utilizing the information to make client value. 3. The market orientation merely defines an organisation that understands the importance of client demands. makes an attempt to supply merchandises of high value to its clients. and markets its merchandises and services in a co-ordinated holistic plan across all sections. In what we call the â€Å"Marketing Concept. † the company embraces a doctrine that the â€Å"Customer is King. † The Marketing Concept is an attitude. It’s a doctrine that is driven down throughout the organisation from the really top of the direction construction. The Marketing Concept communicates that â€Å"the client is king. † Everything that the company does focal points on the client. Via the Marketing Concept. a company makes every attempt to outdo understand the wants and demands of its mark market and to make want-satisfying goods that best carry through the demands of that mark market and to make this better than the competition. The term selling construct holds that accomplishing organisational ends depends on cognizing the demands and wants of mark markets and presenting the coveted satisfactions. [ 2 ] It proposes that in order to fulfill its organisational aims. an organisation should expect the demands and wants of consumers and fulfill these more efficaciously than rivals. 4. Partner relationship direction – is a concern scheme for bettering communicating between companies and their channel spouses. 5. Importance and procedure of Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ) – is a company-wide concern scheme designed to cut down costs and increase profitableness by solidifying client satisfaction. trueness. and protagonism. True CRM brings together information from all informations beginnings within an organisation ( and where appropriate. from outside the organisation ) to give one. holistic position of each client in existent clip. This allows client confronting employees in such countries as gross revenues. client support. and selling to do speedy yet informed determinations on everything from cross-selling and upselling chances to aim selling schemes to competitory placement tactics. Course Objective 2 – Appreciate the importance of moralss and societal duty in selling. ( Chapter 20 ) Differences between consumerism and environmentalism – is a societal and economic order that is based on the systematic creative activity and fosterage of a desire to buy goods or services in of all time greater sums. environmentalism – is a wide doctrine and societal motion sing concerns for environmental preservation and betterment of the province of the environment. 1. Sustainable selling rules2. Role of moralss and corporate duty Course Objective 3 – Understand the function of marketing within an organisation and how selling relates to and drive customer-focused company scheme.( Chapter 2 ) 1. Marketing’s function in company broad strategic planning2. Difference between value concatenation and value bringing web 3. Contentss of a selling program and general thought of what is included in each subdivision 4. Consumer ( or customer-driven ) oriented selling scheme Course Objective 4 – Describe the impact of external and internal environments on selling scheme. ( Chapters 3. 18 ) 1. Major histrions in a company’s microenvironment2. Major forces in a company’s macroenvironment3. Competitive places Course Objective 5 – Demonstrate ability to analyse. synthesise and incorporate cardinal selling construct of market research. consumer behaviour. cleavage. aiming and positioning on practical state of affairss. ( Chapters 4. 5. 7 ) 1. Difference between a selling information system and selling intelligence 2. Psychological factors impacting a person’s purchasing picks 3. Marketing aiming schemes Course Objective 6 – Define and use the selling processes implicit in merchandise. monetary value. topographic point. and publicity determinations. ( Chapters 8. 9. 10. 12. 14 ) 1. Merchandise and service categorizations2. Three degrees of merchandises3. Branding schemes4. Customer equity5. Features of servicesmerchandise life rhythm schemes6. Role of net incomes in presenting client value7. Puting monetary values based on client perceptual experiences of value8. Differences between direct and indirect selling channels Part III – Short Essay Responses ( 25 per centum ) There are six short essay response inquiries ; but you need to finish ONLY FIVE. All of the short essay inquiries are looking for something specific and may affect a listing of stairss or phases in a selling procedure. It will be hard for you to reply these inquiries unless you know the stuff. You do non hold to utilize the exact nomenclature. but you do hold to show you know the stairss or phases for maximal recognition. Your essay responses need to be recorded on the Answer Sheet in the infinite provided ( about l/3 page ) . but if you need extra room you may utilize the rear of the Answer Sheet. Be certain to tag the continued inquiry figure clearly. Leave the essay inquiry you are jumping space. Each short essay response is deserving 5 points. Chapter( one inquiry per chapter )Marketing construct to be tested2Elementss in a company’s microenvironment and why each group is of import to make value 20Be prepared to call a company you believe patterns enlightened selling and support your choice 8Importance and choice of the four trade name scheme determinations. 8Features of services9Selling schemes for each phase of the merchandise life rhythm 11Pricing schemes for new merchandises There are three long essay inquiries that will necessitate you to unify multiple selling constructs and use them to a specific scenario. You ONLY Necessitate TO ADDRESS TWO OF THE THREE LONG ESSAYS. The more particulars you can show the more recognition you can gain. You may desire to sketch your response on the rear of the Test Instrumentprior to composing your response on the Answer Sheet so you can form your ideas and in the sequence you want them presented to your module member for rating. Each long essay inquiry is deserving 15 points. The long essay inquiries will cover the undermentioned selling subjects: 1. Integrated Marketing Communications – Be prepared to urge an IMC scheme including a selling communications mix and principle for a new consumer merchandise 2. Customer Relationship Management – Be prepared to sketch a CRM scheme for a little concern. including recommendations for specific CRM tools to capture client value for that company’s most valued clients. 3. Cleavage. aiming and positioning – Be prepared to sketch the features of at least three distinguishable market sections for a national concatenation mentioning to the standards for effectual sections. Be prepared to support your picks. From all your selling module members - good fortune on this test and the balance of your academic calling.

Crime rate in United States of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime rate in United States of America - Essay Example This is why we aim to take an in depth analysis into some of the reasons behind the crime rate being high. In so doing we hope that we can identify the major reasons affecting the crime levels in the United States of America and possibly come up with the best solutions to help drop the crime rate. According to Allison (2009), elements such as population, poverty rates, income per capita and unemployment rates are the major aspects which our discussions will be hinged on. In the 90’s for instance when the crime rate was high the rate of unemployment according appendix one stood at a high also i.e 1990, 1991, 1992 and 1993 the unemployment rate was 6.9, 8.7, 11.1 and 10.3. Some justify the drop in crime rate to the stringent rules and legislations put in place by a onetime mayor Rudolph Guiliani and his administration which basically introduced policing that was aggressive. The mayor introduced this aggressive form of policing with the mentality that the smaller crimes led to th e larger crimes and that the participants in the smaller crimes are most likely those that graduate to the bigger crimes something also observed by Blumstein (2002). As such the levels of misdemeanor arrests in United States of America at the time were high at 70 percent. Interestingly with every 10 percent increase in the misdemeanor arrest made the crime rate especially in the case of robberies dropped by a percentage of between 2.5 to 3.2 while the theft of motor vehicles also dropped with a percentage of 1.6 to 2.1.

Famine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Famine - Essay Example This paper will further anayze whether famine is a seasonal happening or if it has an annual cycle, its predictability, and the steps that can be taken to prevent it,if there are any. Famine can be described as the scarcity of food on a largescale. The functional description of famine needs to include the fact that it is a natural hazard that goes on to affect humans. Without it affecting humans, the otherwise natural disaster becomes a natural hazard. It is not a disaster when the human aspect is lacking. Over time in history, incidences of famine have been experienced repeatdly, and in some regions more than others. This begs for one to view it as a seasonal happening. The seasonal nature of famines is attributed to there being certain human activities that augment the influence of drought. The likelihood of famine to be experienced in a region dependson a myriad of factors. These include the geographical location, policies governing food distribution, and human activities in a place. When these factors are all analyzed, the likelihood of a famine can be determined. The effects of famine are felt by all spheres of nature, both living and non-living. Humans, plants, animals, and even property is affected by famine. Humans are by far the most affected by famine. On the event of a famine, humans are faced by starvation, malnutrition, and cases of death are reported. People waste due to lack of food, and become emaciated. Stunted, and retarded growth are also experienced by the victims of famine. Cases of diseases are increased, as individuals grow weaker and weaker due to poor nutrition. In certain instances people start fighting for the little food available, and war may result. Plants during famine, are usually the first to die. This however, is true when the famine is due to harsh weather conditions such as drought. When the cause of the famine is other than this, plants are affected to a lesser extent. Wasting,

Principles Underpinning A Rewards Strategy

Principles Underpinning A Rewards Strategy Various scholars/writers contributed to the study of reward management strategy, by providing a wealth of information to increase the body of knowledge. This section therefore contains the views of them on the subject reward management strategy and the various method adopted. The views of these authors will be related to this current study. This Literature Review will be divided into the five main parts of the study: Reward Management Performance Management Motivation Staff Retention Labour Turnover The areas being analysed will aid in understanding whether the organisations reward management strategy is effective, which is reflected in labour turnover and the ability of the organisation to retain and motivate staff of the organisation. This literature therefore sought to ` critically analyze other views on the main areas of the research title, compare and contrast them and use the views/perspectives of the published work by other accredited authors to guide and inform this present study. 2.2 Reward Management What is Reward? Bratton and Gold (1999, p. 238) defined reward in the following terms, Reward refers to all forms financial returns and tangible services and benefits employees receive as part of an employment relationship. According to Thompson and Martin (2005, p. 229) reward are an important motivator, but it is important to appreciate that an individual may feel rewarded by things other than money or promotion. The demands and responsibility of a job, and the freedom that people are given to decide how to do things, can be rewarding. Berry, J. (2000, p. 45-46) as cited in Henley Management College (2000, p. 23) advocates that reward may very well be more than just pay and benefits, but will increasingly be base on skills and knowledge and will be innovative. In the context of the studies Philbean and Corbridge (2002, p. 204) argues that reward encompasses pay, remuneration and compensation. It represents a portfolio of managerial practices where financial and non financial elements are flexibly directed at enabling and rewarding employees who add value in the interests of competitive advantage, he went further to say that reward is total remuneration concept of pay and benefit together with non- financial recognition and motivation applied in a contemporary context. What is Reward Management? Reward Management is about how people are rewarded in accordance with their value to an organisation. It is concerned with both financial and non-financial rewards and embraces the philosophies, strategies, policies, plans and procedures used by organisations to develop and maintain reward systems. Armstrong (2001, p. 126) This statement underlines the importance of reward management to an organisation success. According to Beardwell and Holden (2004, p. 501) reward management has often been viewed as the poor relation of human resources management concerned with systems, figures and procedures. Another definition states Reward Managements is one of the central pillars of human resources management. While the term reward management is problematic, we consider that the term best captures the current changes in management assumptions and practice about pay. Bratton and Gold (1999, p. 238) Principles Objectives of Reward Management The three principal objectives of reward management as cited in Bratton and Gold (1999, p. 238) are to: Attract and retain suitable employees Maintain or improve levels of employee performance Comply with employment legislation and regulations These objectives have to be achieved within an agreed budget for rewards. First, the new and must be competitive to encourage membership of the organisation. In other words, it must attract and retain qualified and competent people to the organisation. Reward that are perceived by prospective members to be inadequate or inequitable will make it difficult for the organisation to attract the types of people necessary for success. Second, reward systems are designed and managed to improve productivity and control labour cost. The question of what motivates employees to perform effectively is difficult to answer. Among practising managers there is a wide spread conviction that pay alone motivates workers. In comparison to this Thorpe and Homan (2000, p. 12) advocates that the principal objectives of reward management are to: Minimize expenditure on wages and salaries over the long term; Attract and retain staff of the desired calibre, experience and qualifications; Motivate the workforce so as to maximize organisational performance; Direct effort and enthusiasm in specific directions and to encourage particular types of employee behaviour; Underpin and facilitate the management of organisation change; To help us examine the complexities of pay, we have developed a framework of reward management. Figure 2.1: illustrates a model for reward management that contains three basic elements, internal equity, external competitiveness, and the objectives. Our model shows two broad areas that any organization must consider in reward management, internal equity and external competitiveness. Internal equity refers to the pay relationship among jobs within a single organisation. This is translated into practice by the basic techniques of reward management, job analysis, job evaluation and performance appraisal. The focus is on comparing jobs and individuals in terms of their relative contributions to the organizations objectives. Reward Management Strategies According to Stephen Taylor (2000) as cited in Thorpe and Homan (2000, p. 11), there are two key questions, which an organisation has to ask when formulating reward strategies and policies, they are: how much should be paid to each employee and what form should that payment take? There is nevertheless a large choice of payment systems and methods available for management to choose from and many methods of determining pay levels available for manages to choose from. However, Taylor (2000) as cited in Thorpe and Homan (2000, p: 12) states the principal determining factor when deciding on rewards for employees of the organization are the objectives the organization has for their HR policies and reward systems in particular. In the context of the studies Armstrong and Lybrand (1992, p. 41) states that reward strategy is concerned with: developing a positive, performance orientated culture; underpinning the organisations values, especially those relating to excellence, innovation, performance, teamwork and quality; conveying a message to prospective high-calibre employees that the organisation will satisfy their reward expectations; ensuring that the right mix and level of reward are provided inline with the employees and the environment in which the business operates; linking reward policies, systems and procedures to the key business and human resources strategies for innovations, growth development and the pursuit of excellence; also developing a strong orientation toward levels of performance throughout the organisation by recognising successful performance and increase in levels of competence, thus contributing to the processes of empowering, enabling and energising all employees; and indicating to existing employees what types of behaviour will be rewarded and how this will be place, thus increasing motivation and commitment and improving performance. In the same vein, Armstrong (2001) also states in order for organisations to achieve their strategic objectives it must have a skilled, competent, committed and well motivated workforce which is supported by a reward strategy that: flows from and fits the business strategy; links reward to performance; aligns individual and organisational competencies; integrates with other human resources management and development strategies; and evolves from consultation with key stakeholders. A useful way of conceptualizing different reward philosophies is provided by Rajan (1997: 75). Figure 2.2 shows how reward can be categorized along two dimensions, identifying rewards that are money-related and non money-related; and rewards that are group-related (available to all or most staff) or individual-related. Thus Rajan (1997) argues that there are four types of approach to reward. 1) Types of reward Group-related 2) Security -driven Tradition-driven Lifetime jobs Cost of living increases Corporate prestige à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Perks Non-money-related Money-related 3) Employability-driven: Contribution-driven Training and development Performance-related pay Personal career plans Merit bonus Individual-related Source: Rajan (1997: 75). Reproduced with the permission of Eclipse Group Limited cited in Beardwell, and Holden, (2001), Human Resources Management, A Contemporary Approach, Third Edition, Pearson Educational Limited p. 511 Types of reward are important in terms of motivation where by different types of reward may motivate an individual; the diagram above illustrates this by highlighting different elements. Motivation can take the form of money-related or non-money related an individual may become motivated by security driven knowing that they have a lifetime /permanent job as compare to those that prefer to become motivate by money-related issues such as cost of living or perks offered by the organisation. On the other hand their are employees whose motivation stems from employability driven that is motivated through the use of training and development or personal career path, in comparison to those that are contribution driven, believing performance related pay or merit bonus are better form of motivation. Best Practice versus Best Fit Approach to HR Management The best fit approach stresses significantly on the strategic alignment of HR policies and ensuring that it fits the objectives of the organization, while the best in terms of attracting, retaining and motivating human beings. Taylor 2000 as cited in Thorpe and Homan (2000, p. 15). There are however significant challenges to the best fit approach to HRM. According to Walton, 1985; Guest, 1987 as cited in Thorpe and Homan (2000, p. 16) There is nothing new about challenges to the best fit perspectives from those arguing that some form of best practice approach to HRM is more likely to lead to performance improvements at the organizational level in most all circumstances. Maund (2002) states there are a number of words used to describe what employees receive for their efforts at work. All the words  commonly used can be housed under one word; payment. Foot and Hook (1999, p. 123) defines Payment as the most straight forward of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ terms and seems to be the most appropriate terms to use. It can include monetary or non-monetary payment. New Pay and Old Pay Systems In addition to reward, Lawler, 1995; Armstrong and Murlis, 1998; Lewis, 1998) as cited in Philbean and Corbridge (2002, p. 205) reveals that New pay and its juxtaposed stereotypical opposite of Old pay are concepts which are used to distinguish between contemporary and traditional reward practices. Old pay is characterized by bureaucratic salary administration, organisational hierarchy, rigid job evaluation and grading system, incremental progression, lack of horizontal integration with other HR activities and the detachment of pay from the strategic objectives of the organisation. The primary concerns of old pay are fairness, consistency, equity and transparency. This is arguably more compatible with the traditional organisation structures and employment relationships of the 1970s and 1980s. In the twenty-first century old pay, it is alleged, will inhibit organisational responsiveness and development in more turbulent organisational environments. New pay can be viewed as a functional adaptation to change in the external context and increasing competitive pressures. There have been significant changes in the reward strategies adopted by organizations in Europe, moving from the traditional based payment system to Wheat Howler (1990) called new pay. This new pay has introduced more flexible and variable rewards systems. This consisted of: Bonuses; Performance Related pay; Promotion and Career Advancement; and Performance Related Pay pay based on performance at work, based on the acquisition of new skills and knowledge. Maund (2002) argues that new pay is seen as being more suitable for fast moving organizations of the 21st Century. This will form the analysis of the organization as to determine whether the organization uses new pay as compared with traditional forms of pay. In comparison Stacey (1996), states if the rewards are suitable it will stimulate individuals to make actions which are directly relevant to the strategy of the organization Stacey 1990 as cited in Maund (2002, p. 439) implies this will result in the aims of the organization being realized through employees. Bowey and Thorpe as cited in Thorpe and Homan (2000, p. 81) in order for remuneration systems to be effective there needs to be a sound understanding of how people at work are motivated. This forms the basis of the next section of the literature review, which focuses on method used to encourage motivation of employees that is performance. Performance Management Baron and Armstrong, (1998: 38-39) as cited in Beardwell and Holden (2001, p. 538) states that performance management can be defined as a strategic and integrated approach to increasing the effectiveness of organisations by improving the performance of the people who work in them and by developing the capabilities of teams and individual contributors, and also can be seen as a continuous process involving reviews that focus on the future rather than the past In the same vein, Bartol and Martin (1998, p. 529) states that performance management focus on ensuring that specific goals that have been set are achieved. Henley Management College (2000, p. 25) states that performance management is about people and motivation the system can get in the way, it further states that performance management is a management process and the key if the relationship between a manager and his her people performance management system are often an elaborate way to foul that up. Hendry et al., (1997) as cited in Beardwell and Holden (2001, p. 538), advocates that performance management is not simply the appraisal of individual performance: it is an integrated and continuous process that develops, communicates and enables the future direction, core competences and value of the organisation, and helps to create an horizon of understanding. It identifies who or what delivers the critical performance with respect to business strategy and objectives and ensures that performance is successfully carried out. Effective performance ensures that employees and managers understand each other expectations, and how corporate strategy and objectives impact on their own context- their roles, behaviours, relationships and interactions, reward future. Performance management is a holistic process that ensures that the following are developed and effectively carried out: setting of corporate, department, team and individual objectives; performance appraisal system; reward strategies and schemes; training and development strategies and plans; feedback, communication and coaching; individual career planning; mechanisms for monitoring the effectiveness of performance management system and interventions. Thus performance management incorporates the effective day to day management and support of people, and is not simply concerned with appraisal forms, procedures and interviews or the paternalistic evaluation by superior of a subordinates performance. Employee commitment and performance are secured through a mutually supportive strategy of reward-driven integration, developmental integration and culture management. Figure 2.3: outlines the steps of systematic and integrated performance management. Figure 2.3: The performance management cycle Business Strategy Training and development 1. Setting direction and planning Resourcing 3.Reviewing 2. Coaching and support Reward decision Employee relations Source: Beardwell and Holden (2001), Human Resources Management, A Contemporary Approach, Third Edition, Pearson Educational Limited  p. 538 However it is argued that for performance management to be effective these activities should be carried out throughout the year as normal part of the interaction between employee and manager, and not simply through the annual performance appraisal. All these activities should involve joint problem solving and the acceptance of joint responsibility for action. Linking Performance appraisal with Pay Performance appraisal is seen as a major element that forms the bases of any performance management system. Foot and Hook (2002, p. 241) states performance appraisal basically entails trying to reward employees for their past work, while hoping that the incentive of a reward will encourage other employees also to strive to work harder in the future. Bartol and Martin (1998, p. 331) defines performance appraisal as the process of defining expectations for employee performance, measuring, evaluating, and recording employee performance relative to those expectations; and providing feedback to the employee. The link between individual behaviour and organisational performance, effectively linking rewards to a performance management system requires a clear line of sight between individual behaviour and corporate performance. It also requires a view of corporate performance which looks at ends as well as means, and which is not limited to accounting measures. Foot and Hook (2002, p. 242) further states that it is difficult to imagine that a person being appraised is likely to admit to any development need, or be willing to accept any help in their performance, if their salary increase depends on a good appraisal. It is therefore recommended that employers should in general try to keep reward considerations separate from the other areas of appraisal. In spite of this advice and research evidence which suggests that performance rated pay (PRP does not always motivate everyone in a work force, many employers think that the offer of an incentive or reward is the only way to motivate employees to work harder, and this is often their main reason for introducing performance appraisal. However Foot and Hook (2002, p. 242) also went further in stating that great care needs to be taken if appraisal systems are linked to pay. It will be especially important to ensure that the criteria being appraised are objective and free of unfair bias, and that there are genuine opportunities for all employees to be rewarded for their efforts. Therefore the link between performance and pay is considered Performance Related Pay Torrington and hall, (1996) as cited in Philbean and Corbridge (2002, p. 219) states performance related pay is some attempt to relate pay to performance is the dominant feature of current reward strategies. According to (Swabe, 1989: 17) as cited in Beardwell and Holden (2001, p. 523) performance related pay can be defined as: a system in which an individuals increase in salary is solely or mainly dependant on his/ her appraisal or merit rating. The critics of performance related pay (PRP) cited several advantages and disadvantages, Beardwell and Holden (2001 p. 523) states the possible reasons for introducing performance related pay (PRP): to increase the motivation of employees; to encourage certain behaviours; to help in recruitment and retention; to facilitate change in organisational culture; to encourage the internalisation of performance norms; to weaken trade union power; increased role of the line manager; greater financial control and value for money; a moral justification; encouragement of flexibility. Hague (1996) argues that performance related pay can demotivate staff rather than reward performance. Beardwell and Holden (2001, p. 526) states the possible problems with performance related pay (PRP): it is not a guaranteed motivator; it is difficult to produce realistic performance measures and as a result, ratings may be unfair, subjective and consistent; it places undue emphasis on individual performance which can be damaging to teamwork; it can produce poor quality performance as people concentrate on achieving quantitative targets; it leads to short-termism in the pursuit of quick results to the detriment of longer term strategic goals; reinforcement of status, control and power differences; financial constraints; crowding out intrinsic motivation. The underlying theoretical basis for performance related pay is motivation theory. Content theories, such as those of Maslow (1943,1987) and Herzberg (1959), draw attention to pay as one of many sources of human need. The satisfaction of this need can contribute to motivation at work, but the relative importance of pay as a motivator will vary with individual circumstances. More specific to performance related pay are the process theories of equity (Adams, 1965) and the expectancy theory (Porter and Lawler, 1958; Lawler, 1973; Vroom, 1964) and it is useful to have an understanding of these. This will form the basis of the next section of the literature review, which will focus on the motivation of employees. Motivation As a consequence of competitive pressure, organisations encourage their employees to increase the added value and also increase their performance beyond the acceptable standard, As a result, the study of employee behaviour and more particularly, motivation, remains a real managerial concern. Maund (1999, p. 87) defines motivation as the process by which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours. Cole (1995: 119) as cited in Cole (2000, p. 28) states Motivation is the term used to describe those processes, both instinctive and rational, by which people seek to satisfy the basic drives, perceived needs and personal goals, which trigger human behaviour. There are several theories that help us to identify specific factors that motivate people including the content or needs theory, the two-factor model and the cognitive theory. The underlying assumption is that individuals have needs that must be satisfied. Motivational Concepts Motivation as revealed by Abraham Maslow (1943) is highly individualistic and is either determined by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. According to Maslow human beings are motivated by different motivators at each stage of there life. Maslow presented a Hierarchy model of motivation which consisted of Physiological needs at the lowest point, next was the safety needs, then love needs, esteem needs and finally the highest needs was the self actualization needs as depicted in Figure 2.4 below. By Managers understanding the physiological, safely, love, esteem and self actualization needs, they can therefore appeal to the individual employees present needs in life therefore motivating them. Douglas Mc Gregor (1960) has identified the theory X and theory Y worker, this theory differs significantly to Maslow (1943) theory in that Maslows theory focuses on the needs of individuals, while Mc Gregors theory focused on the behaviour of employees at work. According to Mc Gregor the theory X worker has an natural dislike for work and will avoid it at any time possible on the other hand the theory Y worker as conductive to problem solving techniques and given the opportunity will not only take but desire responsibility. In order for mangers to put theory Y worker into practice they must use the four basic aspects of the theory Y worker, they are: Decentralization and Delegation this would give employees a sense of freedom to act. Job Enlargement this would encourage employees to accept responsibilities. Participation and Consultation Management this would allow employees to voice there opinions of matters affecting them and encourage creativity. Performance Appraisal this should be done to assess management abilities. Frederick Herzberg presented a theory similar to Mc Gregor, which focused on the needs of employees at work, Herzberg presented a two factor theory that identified two sets of needs of individuals at work the need to avoid pain and discomfort and the need to develop Psychologically, he identified two areas that are of concern to the organization, first was hygiene factors such as job security, working condition, status and administrative concerns, the second area of concern to mangers was motivators; recognition from supervisors, the opportunity for growth and advancement, if managers were able to avoid pain and discomfort such are by fostering good employees relations, providing safe and comfortable working conditions, managers will be able to motivate employees. However, this study gives little insight into how managers can motivate manual or unskilled workers. Adams (1965) brought forward the Equity theory of motivation, this theory of motivation differs significantly as it attempts to show how individuals determine the amount of effort that needs to be exerted. According to Adams an employee desires to be treated fairly by the organization, they wish to be treated fairly compared to others and to avoid inequity. Employees evaluate rewards by a comparison with others, if an employee perceives his contribution to be the same as the person they compare themselves with (referent) then a state of equity is perceived, if an employee however sees there self as being unequal, a state of inequity arises. In the context of the studies Bartol and Martin (1998, p. 397) states that equity theory is a theory that argues that we prefer situations of balance, or equity, which exists when we perceive the ratio of our inputs and outcomes to be equal to the ratio of inputs and outcomes for a comparison other. Thorpe and Homan (2000, p. 22), the major determ inant of satisfaction at work is the extent to which workers judge the outputs that accrue from their work (such as pay levels, pay increases, promotions) to be distributed equitably. We are less interested in how far these outputs equate to our inputs (effort, skill, experience, qualifications) than we are in the extent to which the ratio between the two compares with that achieved by others. Rensis Likert (1976) also saw extrinsic rewards as most important in motivating employees to achieve organizational rewards. According to Likert (1976): Motivation is by economic rewards based on goals which have been set in participation. Likert claimed that in order for organizations to achieve maximum profit, good labour relations and high productivity, every organization must make best use of their human assets. It is through effective human resources management that productivity will be increased. Likert identified the participation group system which is the optimum solution, were leadership is by superiors who have complete confidence in their subordinates. Fowler and Lawler (1968) modified Vrooms (1964) expectancy theory and developed process theories of motivation as they consider the relationship between effort, performance and reward for each individual. The principles of the Fowler and Lawler model are as follows: Employees value intrinsic arising from the work itself as well as extrinsic motivation such as bonus or rewards; Effort will be increased if employees believe that good performance will lead to the achievement of desired rewards; Employees must have the opportunity, resources and effective management to carry out tasks; Expectations and objectives need to be communicated so employees know what is expected of them; 2.5 Staff Retention Browell (2003, p. 64) simply defined staff retention as keeping those members of staff that one wants to keep and not loosing them from the organization, for whatever reasons, but especially to competitors. According to Browell (2003), Wages and Salaries are insufficient to maintain staff successfully within an organization in the long term, organizations in retaining staff must introduce a successful staff retention strategy, as there failure to do so can result in demotivated staff and a high level of labour turnover. Hannagan (2003, p. 176), states A successful staff retention plan must contain a competitive rewards strategy, proper recruitment standards must be set and there must be an effective appropriate selection process, the training and development process must include a good induction process and must have room for development for both the organization and the individual employees. There must be flexible working conditions and ensure the leaders of the organizations have the skills necessary to manage effectively. Training and development is seen as an important implementation tool by many authors, according to Hussey (1991) as cited in Maund (2002, p. 440) training and development acts as a motivator and provides the skills necessary for strategy implementation, In the same vein Buckingham (2000), cited in Hannagan (2003, p. 176) employees are more likely to remain with an organization if they believe that their managers show interest and concern for them. Browell (2003) states, organizations need to compare the costs of staff going with the cost of them staying and determine whether it will have an adverse effect on the rest of the organization if they leave. Henley Management College (2000, p. 21), recent IDS study showed the average turnover rate with considerable variation between industries and sectors are high, however the financial costs of this turnover can be up to 150% of salary for key staff. Add in the non-financial costs, including loss of key skill morale and the overall price of a departure to an organisation can be considerable. Because of these cost companies should carry out external benchmarking, and gather information on internal factors affecting turnover, such as monitoring wastage rates, and carrying out exit interviews and attitude surveys. The following measures may help to improve staff retention: pay competitive rates and consider other types of compensation such as retention bonuses and share-options schemes; put together an attractive employee benefits package; recruit the right people in the first place; pay more attention to induction processes, especially in the critical first few weeks; provide career paths, more interesting work and support for personal development; offer more flexible work options and implement family friendly policies as work-life balance issues come to the fore; provide good line management; evaluate the effectiveness of the measure taken. Not all employee turnover, though, is a bad thing. An acceptable level, dependant on the organization and the labour market, allows the entry of new blood and ideas, and creates new opportunities for careers, staff development, and restructuring. Maund (2002), there are three (3) particular areas that an organization must monitor in order for them to maintain motivated and loyal staff, they are: The Terms and Conditions of employment must be such that employees feel valued by the organization, these terms and conditions of employment includes both the remunerations and conditions at work w

Opening up the Alaskan Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Essay -- Enviro

Opening up the Alaskan Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Many preconceived notions exist in the realm of environmental policy. Decisions are constantly made that effect human health or environmental integrity in order to reap great economic benefits for the many. Often these choices compromise the role of human beings as environmental stewards of the planet. It is my attempt in this paper to outline the development of a very controversial part of the proposed comprehensive energy policy: the opening of the Alaskan Artic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to oil drilling. I will introduce the case by offering some background of the situation followed by an analysis of pertinent economic, ethical, social, and ecological issues. I will present the actors and their respective positions and investigate how they interacted with the rules, regulations, and laws that govern the policy. I will finally discuss what the potential alternatives are and what lessons are being learned. Background The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge of Northeastern Alaska, which stretches for 20 million acres across a fragile tundra landscape, is home to over 350 (nearly extinct) musk ox and 180 bird species, which migrate from even Argentina or Chile. It is the largest Polar Bear denning area in the United States, offers calving ground for the 129,000-member herd of Porcupine Caribou, and supports among the largest populations of grizzly bears, wolves and moose (Student Pirg’s 2001). It remains one of the most pristine areas on the planet and is especially sensitive to environmental pollution due to the slow growth rate of the ecosystem. The Refuge was first established in 1952 in a joint effort between biologist Lowell Summer and National Park Servi... ...Washington. Murphy, Kim. In Alaska, the Hunt for Oil, Gas only Begins at Wildlife Refuge; Energy: High Prices, Pro-Business Government Fuel the Drive for Drilling Activists are Gearing Up. Los Angeles Times February 6, 2001. Nuclear Energy Institute. URL: http://www.nei.org/ Student PIRG’s. Save America’s Arctic. www.pirg.org/enviro/arctic/index.html Time Magazine. How Much is Under the Tundra? Time Inc. 2/19/2001, Vol. 157 Issue 7. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Potential impacts of proposed oil and gas development on the Arctic Refuge’s coastal plain: Historical overview and issues of concern. Web page of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, Alaska. 17 January 2001. http://arctic.fws.gov/issues1.html Verhovek, Sam Howe. Drill, Say Alaskans, Who Know Their Pockets Are Lined With Oil. New York Times: Anchorage. March 15, 2001.

Seven Deadly Sins

Memoir/ Reflection Essay The seven deadly sins are always view in a negative way. Well since they are considered sins I guess they will ways be viewed that way. Like Pride is the desire to be better than everyone and love only oneself. Wrath is to have uncontrollable feeling of hatred and anger. Greed is to have a very excessive or plundering desire and pursuit of wealth, status, and power. Gluttony is excessive desire for food, or its withholding from the needy. Sloth is the failure to apply your talents and gifts by being lazy. Lust is excessive thoughts or desires of a sexual nature. Envy is to be jealous of what someone or something you lack. But I think there is something good about the sins also. People never think about how these sins could be contributed into something good. Pride or Vanity is a dangerous yet sometimes helpful thing to have. It can help you show why your the right person for a job or why you deserve something more than someone else. But it can also lead to a lot of negative things as well. It can make you sound too full of yourself or make you sound cocky leading to people starting to find you annoying or even making them so jealous of you they start to hate you. So its on you to decide what is more important, either having the people you know and love hate you for what you have or on the other side having them love you for your accomplishments. I feel like vanity is the sin that could make you or break you depending on how you spin it. Wrath or as it's more commonly known Anger is a sin that people experience more with other people or things than just by themselves. I feel wrath is the most violent of the sins as it is the act of people hating other people and with hate people tend to hurt others either physically or emotionally out of rage or revenge. We have seen wrath at its worst when the Twin Towers were crashed into. People led from being depressed to being so mad that our military had a dramatic increase just because people wanted to get back at the third world countries involved. But in turn that anger also led to our country being more patriotic than ever before. We have had more support from our civilians because of this Wrathful feeling, So I feel wrath is a important part in everyday lives whether good or bad. Avarice or Greed is what most people see as the root of evil. It goes back to the story of Eden where Adam and Eve were tempted into eating the apple from the tree. But these days People are greedy for a variety of reasons, the most commonly being money. The second most common reason would tie into people just wanting more than everyone else. But sometimes that's not always a bad thing. I have seen people use greed to a good advantage. A prime example would be how greed led the economy to be great before this war. We wanted more so we spent more which led to people having more jobs and more work time to make the things we wanted to buy. So yes I think greed can be a evil thing but also as a great thing. Gluttony is a tricky sin to say the least. Most commonly seen as the act of eating too much, it is actually just when you over indulge in anything. You could over indulge in time spent on something specific like how much time you spent trying to beat a certain game or time spent arguing over a certain point. But when related to food you can see Gluttony when people eat too much food or when people add things to their food just to have a more satisfying taste instead of just eating to sustain life. I personally see gluttony as a growing satisfaction in peoples lives all around me. People love to eat, and again it can't be all that bad because it does still help out economy if we keep buying more and more food even if we don't need it. Sloth or better known as laziness is a sin everyone goes through at some point in everyday we live. Whether its not wanting to get up and do what we have to do or wasting time not pursuing things that we have the skills to do just because we don't want to use them. Personally I see sloth as the window to a wasted life. We all have things we wish we could do but are to slothful to start. I used to play a lot of instruments as a kid and now a days I don't play but i wonder if I did what could of happened. But again sloth, like every other sin is not always bad. Maybe your slothful while trying to think of details for something like a wedding or even a paper your writing. You waste all this time just thinking instead of rushing through it that it may actually turn out to be a very good piece of writing. some things in life just take a little waste of time to make sure everything's right. Lust is a very satisfying yet depressing sin to think about. It is the act of wanting someone or something so bad you do anything you can to get it. I have seen lust used all over this world and it can sometimes be a very scary thing. It can lead to false love or rape and it can also lead to dictatorships. Lust is something people all feel but have to learn to control as well. The story of Alexander The Great is a perfect example. He lusted for control and territory and through this lust he became one of the greatest kings back in the old days. Now I feel lust could be a good thing as well but only if used right. Maybe your lust for someone can lead you to find out that you actually can fall in love with that person. You just have to learn to control your feelings and your cravings to allow yourself to do so. Envy is the sin that can trick your mind so well that you can't tell right from wrong. I have seen people being so envious of another it utterly destroys them emotionally and sometimes even physically. To be jealous of what other people have and look like is something that goes through every persons mind. You may ask yourself â€Å"Why are they so much better looking than me? † or even â€Å"Why can't I have that? â€Å". In my life I have felt this way just as much as everyone else but it lead me to learn that life isn't about what you do or don't have, but rather what you earn or what you do with what you have instead. The only way you can truly live happy is to realize your not like everyone else. Your you and there is nothing wrong with that fact. Now Envy can be a good thing to though. Maybe your not doing anything with your life. Maybe your not going to school or don't have a job yet you see everyone else doing it so you get so jealous you decide to do it yourself. That's not a bad thing at all. So I have learned don't be envious, but just learn and do what needs to be done to make your life the way you want it to be. The seven deadly sins could have two observations about them; good and bad. So I think people shouldn’t always go by the negative views about something. Instead of seeing the glass half empty, they should see it half full. But yet again it is the seven deadly sins so no matter what they are always going to be view in a bad way.

Ex †Basketball Player Essay - 1084 Words

In the poem, â€Å"Ex – Basketball Player† by john Updike, (which is a narrative poem) illustrates the nature of life on how life is potentially is seen has a mirror to other people’s life, especially people who play sports. Life is the physical and mental experience of an individual. An in the poem the main character Flick, supply the poem with a good example of how life is potentially a mirror for other people. This poem is formally organized, even though it locks some qualities, it still haves the qualifications of a good poem. The â€Å"Ex Basket Player† is an interested poem because it has a good theme, tone and lots of figurative languages. The theme of this poem is about a high school basketball star that has become less successful in the†¦show more content†¦In fact, Flick was obsessed with is past because he choose to work at Berth which was near to his school (7). By doing so his life became a disappointment to him in the future. Even though he was successful at one point because he set â€Å"records† (16), his past is only a constant remainder to him because â€Å"he sells gas, checks oil, and changes flats (20).† He regrets what he has become because he knew that if only he had fallowed his past, he would have been successful now. Secondly, in the poem, there were lots of figurative languages that help to bring out the reality of Flick’s life. In fact, in the first stanza, Updike uses imagery to try to bring out the schools location, in which Flick success was endure in the past. Updike uses imagery to portray a fainted, smudged world of the present and compare it with the radiant, immaculate and brilliance of Flick’s past. Imagery is initially used in the first two lines of the poem, â€Å"where Pearl Avenue bends with the trolley tracks and stops, cut off (1-2).† Those two lines show how Flick’s life has been cut short, just like the road that leads to Berth’s Garage where he works. The trolley tracks that pass by the high school Flick went to, but just like him, it doesn’t go very far beyond. The words â€Å"cut off (2),† are very important in the understanding of Flick’s circumstances. His days of fame came to an immediateShow MoreRelatedJohn Updikes Poem Ex-Basketball Player1225 Words   |  5 Pages Ex-Basketball Player Most everyone has had an extraordinary dream; for some, it is to be a movie star or to be on a professional sports team. Nevertheless, while great goals they are, they are not likely. For example, about 1 and 70,000 people become a major movie star (study.com). Additionally, the likelihood of entering the NBA from high school is 3 and 100,000 (ehow.com). Therefore, the great majority are obligated to find something else to pursue. As a result of peoples dreamsRead More The Ex Basketball Player by John Updike Essay597 Words   |  3 PagesThe Ex Basketball Player by John Updike A Loss of Motivation In English Seven we read a poem called the Ex Basketball Player by John Updike. The main characters name was Flick Webb. The poem explains how Flick lost motivation. In high school Flick was an excellent basketball player, if not, the best. After high school Flick didnt continue his basketball skills, and he never had tried as hard on his academics as he did on basketball. Flick now works at Berths Garage and has aRead MoreEx-Basketball Player by John Updike Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesof the basketball team? He still holds most of the records for the team. He scored more points than anyone else in the school’s history. He never studied much because he was an athlete. His basketball skills were going to take him places. But high school ended and there are no more games to be played. Where is that former all-star now? In his poem â€Å"Ex-Basketball Player,† John Updike examines the life of a former high school basketball star. Flick Webb was a local hero, and he loved basketball. He neverRead MoreAn Analysis Of John Updikes Ex Basketball Player1216 Words   |  5 Pagesabout 0.03% of high school basketball players get drafted out by an NBA team. 0.03% is such a little percentage that it is the same chance of someone getting four of a kind in a first round of poker (www.norwichcsd.org/Downloads/ ProSportsOdds.doc). With this striking percentage it is amazing t o think so many young players hope to make it to the pros. In the end, regret and defeat are much too common, a theme that John Updike features in his poem, â€Å"Ex Basketball Player†. 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The poem â€Å"Ex Basketball player† begins with the description of road called Pearl Avenue which symbolizes Flick’s life which runs pasts the high-school lot where Flick was a star basketball player, it bends with the trolley tracksRead MoreStar Basketball Player By John Updike1026 Words   |  5 PagesIn the poem Ex-Basketball Player, John Updike recounts the timeline of a once great basketball player named Flick Webb. The journey starts with a description of Flick’s hometown, then shares details about his current job, next it reflects on his high school basketball success, and finishes with his habits outside of work. In the first stanza, the poet is describing the town where Flick lives. Updike references trolley tracks which would imply an early 20th century setting. He also calls out the nameRead MoreTaking a Look at Shaquille ONeal1273 Words   |  5 Pagespeople think of when they hear that name? Do they think of basketball? Or maybe they just think ab out a famous person? Shaq has been all over the sports news for many years. When people talk about Shaquille ONeal they normally say things about how great of a center he is. Shaq is easily one of the top ten greatest centers of all time. Shaq is a team player and works hard for what he wants. Shaquille ONeal is not only a marvelous basketball player, but a rapper, actor, and a dedicated father. ShaqRead More Drug Abuse Among Professional Athletes Essay947 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional basketball players is a problem as old as time. In some circumstances it may not be the athletes fault. For example when they are treating a minor cough or a cold, the medications used will sometimes contain small amounts of alcohol. On the other hand some athletes purposely abuse drugs for a variety of reasons. Some attempt to cover up the presence of other drug abuse but most abuse drugs because they will enhance their performance. The most common abused drugs in professional basketball are:Read More Basketball Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages Basketball Basketball was created a simple game. The primary objective was to place a ball, without dribbling, into a peach basket. However, like Darwins theory of man, basketball has evolved into the most exciting exhibition of athletic ability. Basketball has seen many rule changes, because of the increasing ability of the players. Basketball is a melting pot, where black, white, and European people excel. This is a sport that is color-blind. This sport requires complete control over ones body